Fluid pump or motor



Sept. 13, 1960 E. woYDT 2,952,219

FLUID PUMP 0R MOTOR n Filed April 8, 1959 2 sheets-sheet 1 'iii i I wm Sept 13, 1960 .Filed April 8, 19

FLUID PUMP OR MOTOR 59 2 Sham-,s sheet 2 /NrfNrop United States Patent O 2,952,219 FLUID PUMP OR MOTOR Eduard Woydt, Wagenburgstrasse 5, Stuttgart, Germany Filed' Apr. 8, 1959, Ser. No. 804,985 Claims priority, application Germany Apr. 22, 1954 9 Claims. (Cl. 103-1'7'4) This inventionv relates to a multi-cylinder machine which is capable of working either as a pump for liquid or as a hydrauliclmotor, and the cylinders of which are radially arranged in a machine frame.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application 500,258, led April 8, 1955, now abandoned.

The object of the invention is to construct the machine in such a way that it can be easily assembled and easily dismantled, and that furthermore certain parts, particularly individual cylinders, can be easily exchanged, that moreover all parts are readily accessible for supervision and lubrication, and also the machine frame can be equipped at will with more or fewer cylinders, that moreover the packings for the pipes conveying liquid in the assemblage can be easily manufactured, and that clearance spaces between controlling members and working cylinders are kept as small as possible.

The invention accordingly consists in a multi-cylinder machine capable of acting as a iluid pump or motor, comprising: a machine frame consisting of two parallel frame members and a number of parallel beams each secured by one end to one of the frame members and by the other end to the other frame member, working cylinders radially arranged in the machine frame, control cylinders extending transversely to the working cylinders, each working cylinder and its associated control cylinder constituting a single cross-piece, these cross-pieces being releasably secured to the said beams, a working piston radially reciprocable in each working cylinder, and a control piston slider slidable in each control cylinder, controlling the admission and discharge of working lluid to and from the associated working cylinder.

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be gathered from the following description of the constructional examples, from the drawings, and from the claims.

Two embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l shows the iirst embodiment in section on the line I-I in Figure 2, all the cross-pieces except one being omitted;

Figure 2 shows a section on the line II-II in Figure 1;

Figure 3 shows the second embodiment in elevation, looking in the axial direction of the pump; and

Figure 4 shows a section on the line IV-IV in Figure 3.

In the construction example according to Figures 1 and 2 the frame of the machine consists of two main parts 30 and 31, between which beams 32 are fitted, these beams forming a drum-like pattern. A closed drum can also be used instead of individual beams 32, the said drum being provided with cut-away portions. It would also be possible to produce the frame parts 30, 31 and 32 from a single piece. The disc-like framek parts are supported in a base part 91 having a part-cylindrical cutaway portion 92. The pump frame can consequently be rotated by hand or otherwise for the purpose of mounting the cross-pieces in the base part. In operation the frame is held on to the base part so that it cannot rotate by steel bands 93.

A cross-piece 33 is arranged between each two adjacent beams 32, only the upper and lower parts of the said beams being shown, for the sake of clarity. Each crosspiece has a bore for the working piston 3'4, the base 35 of which is in line contact with the working eccentric 36, and is held continuously in contact therewith by compression springs 37. Each cross-piece 33 has two lateral pins 38, by means of which it is supported in an easily rotatable manner in two beams, for example 32, and held by bearing covers 33a, which are attached by means of Iscrews'(cf. the dashed lines 39). makes it possible so to support the cross-piece that the piston is exactly perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 36a. The bore 40 serves as a control cylinder, and receives a control piston' whereof the shoulder or collar 41 controls by means of its edges the inilow and outilow of pressure fluid to a working cylinder. Turned out portions 42 in the control cylinder bore 40 are connected via angularly led channels 43 and inserted pipe pieces 44 to annular channels 45 and 46. The annular channel 45 has a connection 45a for feedingy the lluid, while the annular channel 46 is connected to the pressure conduit via an aperture 46a. The control piston is controlled by a control eccentric 26, a slidable push-rod 24, a loose pin 29, a bell-crank lever 22 (the pin 29 being rotatable in relation to the push-rod 24 and to the bell-crank lever 22) and a pin 29a, cut-away portions 47 being provided in the frame part 31 for the lever 22 and for the pin 29a. The end of each base 35 carries a roller I48. These rollers are guided in slide tracks 49a with quite small play, the tracks being formed by U-shaped members 49. These members -49 are disposed on the cross-head 33, and are' centered by the cylindrical extension 33b thereof, which forms the working cylinder of the piston 34. In this way thepiston is kept free of the lateral forces which are exerted on the base 35 when the eccentric 36 rotates. Waste space is kept as small as possible. The pump frame consists of small individual parts, namely the two main frame parts 30 and 31 and the beams 32. 'Ihe cross-pieces 33 are screwed on to these beams from outside, and can thus be easily inserted and removed. Inparticular, it is possible to remove each cross-piece individually without having to separate the frame vparts 30 and 31 from one another.

According to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings a T-piece is in each case arranged between two beams, and is at the same time carried by two beams. Since each beam in its turn co-operates in carrying two T-pieces, access to the eccentric is greatly hampered. The T-pieces are provided with pins, which bear upon the beams. The consumption of high-grade material for the T-pieces is Atherefore disproportionately large; for in the case of pumps forvery high pressures, such as 300 atmospheres or more, only high-grade material can be used for the manufacture of the cylinders and control members.

The constructional example illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 obviates these disadvantages. In this embodiment at least one of the beams carries two cross-pieces, which are preferably secured to it with screws. In seven# cylinder pumps, three beams each carry two cross-pieces, while the fourth beam carries only one cross-piece. In five-cylinder pumps, two beams each carry two cross# pieces, while the third beam again carries only -a single cross-piece. The cross-pieces may be secured to the `beams either upwards from below or outwards from within, but it is most advantageous, with a View to facilitating the securing and releasing of the T-pieces, and for the purpose of obtaining a compact design of the machine, for the cross-pieces to be attached to the beams laterally. The beams preferably consist of cast steel. Whereas according to Figures 1 and 2 the T- pieces were connected with the annular conduits in the frame members by tubes, hoses and the like, in the present case it is more economical to establish the conneetions by Way of ducts in the beams. The ducts'in Patented sept.` 13, 1960 the beams that carry two T-pieces may then be employed also for the inlets and outlets of the two T-pieces.

The method of connecting the beams with the frame members is here optional. The beams may be made in one piece with the frame members, constituting for instance a single steel casting. Alternatively, however, they may be bolted to the frame members, as is the case with the constructional example illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, which will now be described in detail.

The two lframe members 51 and 52' carry by means of ball bearings 53 and 54 the pump shaft 55, which carries a working eccentric 56 `and a controlling eccentric 57. Working pistons 58 bear against the working eccentric 56 with broad slide shoes 58a, which are kept in contact with the eccentric by springs 59. A control piston 60 is at one end subject to the thrust of a spring 51, and is on the other hand reciprocated at the wor-king rhythm by the controlling eccentric 57 through the medium of a push-rod 62 and a bell-crank lever 63. The two halves 51 `and 52 of the frame are connected with one another by beams 64, 65 and 66, and these are bolted to the frame members by means of studs 67. The two beams 64 and 65 are of the same shape, while the beam 66 is of smaller cross-sectional area than the beams 64 and 65. The beam 64 carries two T-pieces `68 and 69, one on each side, and the beam 65 similarly carries two T-pieces 70 and 71. The beam 66 carries a single T-piece 72. The tive T-pieces are all alike. They are connected with the beams V64, 65 and 66 by screw studs 73, and can be dismantled without diiiculty after releasing these screws. Inlet and outlet ducts 74 and 75, which are provided in the five cross-pieces 68 to 72, connect llthe spaces 76 and 77 of the controlling cylinders, by way of suitable bores 73 and 79, with -annular conduits 80 and 81 in the frame members 52 and 51.

The pump rests upon leg members 82, which are bolted to the frame members 51 and 52.

For suction there serves a suction nozzle or connection 83 on the frame member 52, while a corresponding nozzle or connection 84 on the frame member 51 serves as an outlet.

For the purpose of exchanging necessary is to release the screws 73, and, after changing the cylinder, to tighten them up again. By this means the inlet and outlet passages for the liquid are at the same time re-established.

What I claim is:

1. A multi-cylinder machine capable of acting as a uid pump or motor, comprising: a machine frame consisting of two parallel frame members and a number of parallel beams each secured by one end to one of the frame members and by the other end to the other frame member, working cylinders radially arranged in the machine frarne, control cylinders extending transversely to the working cylinders, each working cylinder and its associated control cylinder constituting a single cross-piece, these cross-pieces being releasably secured to the said beams, a working piston radially reciprocable in each working cylinder, and a control piston slider slidable in each control cylinder, controlling the -admission and discharge of working fluid to and from the associated working cylinder.

2. A multi-cylinder machine as claimed in'clairn 1, wherein each cross-piece includes a pair of trunnions, and each beam includes a pair of bearing surfaces for such trunnions, so arranged that each cross-piece is rockably and adjustably supported by its trunnions -upon the bearing surfaces of two adjacent beams.

3. A multi-cylinder machine as claimed in claim 2, each control cylinder being formed with inlet and outlet ducts and the machine frame being formed with annular inlet and outlet channels, and the machine further comprising yielding tubes, such as hoses, connecting the lindividual inlet and outlet ducts with the annular inlet and outlet channels.

a cylinder, `all that is 4. A multi-cylinder machine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a control shaft rotatably mounted in the machine frame, an eccentric on the control shaft engaging the working pistons, a second eccentric on the control shaft, located outside the machine frame, bellcrank levers pivoted on the machine frame, one for each control piston slider, and rodding transmitting motion from the second eccentric to the control piston sliders through their associated bell-crank levers.

5. A multi-cylinder machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the beams carries two crosspieces.

6. A multi-cylinder machine as claimed in claim 5, the cross-pieces being secured to the beam with screws.

7. A multi-cylinder machine as claimed in claim 5, the cross-pieces being secured laterally to the beams.

8. A multi-cylinder machine as claimed in claim 5, the frame members being formed with annular conduits therein, and the beams being formed with ducts connecting the inlet and outlet spaces `of the controlling cylinders of the cross-pieces with the said annular conduits.

9. In a multi-cylinder machine capable of working `as a lluid pump or motor, a machine frame, a plurality of working cylinders arranged radially in said frame, a working piston reciprocable in each working cylinder, said frame having a plurality of bores therein corresponding in number to the number of working cylinders, each of said bores intersecting the respective working cylinders at a position radially outwards, but adjacent the end of the associated working piston, when the same is at the limit of its radially outward stroke within the Working cylinder, said bores each constituting a control cylinder, said frame having inlet and outlet passage means therein respectively communicating with the control cylinders, on each side of the working cylinders, a slidable control piston in each control cylinder, each control piston having a portion coinciding with the diameter of the control cylinder at each edge thereof that communicates with the working cylinder, said portion constituting a cylindrical collar, a reduced extension projecting from at least one end of said collars, said collars having a length slightly greater 4than the diameter of the working cylinder, means operably connected with each control piston to `normally urge the same to move relative to the working cylinders in a direction to place the working cylinders in communication with the inlet passage means, additional means operably associated with each control piston to urge the same for movement in the opposite direction to place each working cylinder in communication with the outlet passage means, the opposite end faces of each collar constituting a valve respectively controlling inlet and outlet to the working cylinders in accordance with the position of the control piston, and at least one of said means that normally urges the control piston to move being eifective to place said collar in a position to shut off uid flow relative to the working cylinder from both said inlet and outlet passage means when a working piston reaches the limit of its outward movement, and thus completes an exhaust stroke.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,149,728 Ciarlo Aug. 10, 1915 1,227,164 Manly May 22, 1917 2,006,879 Benedek luly 2, 1935 2,642,748 Widmer June 23, 1953 2,657,634 Greenland Nov. 3, 1953 2,689,532 Orshansky Sept. 21, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 357,139 Great Britain Sept. 14, 1931 627,329 GreatBritain Aug. 8, 1949 '862,093 Germany Jan. v8, I1953 

